9/5/2023 0 Comments Group 1 mr contrast agent![]() The adverse event rate for GBCAs administered at clinical doses (0.1–0.2 mmol/kg) ranges from 0.07 to 2.4% ( 3). Notwithstanding, the number of patients analyzed is low and further studies are required. Although cross-reactivity patterns are not well established, cross-reactivity seems to exist among macrocyclic agents. Skin tests seem to have acceptable accuracy, but drug provocation tests are still needed when skin tests are negative o to find alternative agents. In the review, we analyzed the characteristics of immediate and delayed reactions and the results of the allergy study and cross-reactivity. Finally, 17 studies concerning immediate reactions, six studies concerning non-immediate reactions, and three concerning both that performed allergy evaluations were selected. After excluding articles duplicated and articles that had irrelevant designs, 26 articles were included. The initial research identified 149 articles written in English. We performed research in PubMed, PubMed, SCOPUS, and EMBASE until September 2021, searching for studies regarding immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to gadolinium-based contrast agents in which an allergy study was performed. Recently, an increase in the description of hypersensitivity reactions to GBCAs has been detected. Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are frequently used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations to increase sensitivity in diagnoses. 4RETIC Asma, Reacciones Adversas y Alérgicas (ARADYAL), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.3Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.2Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.1Allergy Service, University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain.Muñoz Bellido 1,2,3, Cristina Martin 1,2, Miriam Sobrino 1,2, Eva Macias 1,2,3, Sonia Arriba-Méndez 1,2,3, Rosita Castillo 1 and Ignacio Davila 1,2,3,4 Moreno 1,2,3,4 *, Elena Laffond 1,2,3, Francisco J. To learn more about Bracco Imaging, visit Teresa Gracia Bara 1,2 †, Alicia Gallardo-Higueras 1 †, Esther M. Bracco Group global revenues were 1.4 billion Euros in 2020. R&D activities are located in four centers based in Italy, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Bracco Imaging has a well-skilled and innovative Research and Development (R&D) organization with an efficient process-oriented approach and track record in the diagnostic imaging industry. Bracco Imaging has approximately 3,600 employees and operates in more than 100 markets globally. The Bracco Imaging portfolio includes products and solutions for all key diagnostic imaging modalities: X-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS), and Nuclear Medicine through radioactive tracers and novel PET imaging agents. Headquartered in Milan, Italy, Bracco Imaging's purpose is to improve people's lives by shaping the future of prevention and precision diagnostic imaging. ("Bracco Imaging"), part of the Bracco Group, is an innovative world leader delivering end-to-end products and solutions through its comprehensive portfolio across diagnostic imaging modalities.
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